Flow nozzles flow solutions for steam in the power for steam. All nozzles consist of an inlet section, a throat, and an exit. The difference in the moving blades is evident from figure 3 and figure 4. Steam turbines are widely used for combined heat and power chp applications in the united. Steam at high temperature and high pressure but relatively low speed enters into the nozzle. Impulse and reaction principles, compounding, velocity diagrams for simple and multistage turbines, speed regulationsgovernors and nozzle governors. This manual does not for designing steam turbine and the related parts. An inner seal surface 68 is formed on an lshaped hook portion 76 that opens radially outwardly to capture a radially inwardly projecting flange portion 73. Steam turbine repairs with laser cladding method kimi. Identify the types of gas turbines based on its technology 3. In the impulse turbines, the total head available is first converted into the kinetic energy.
In turbines there are basically 2 part one is called rotor and another is known as stator. Steam turbines are one of the most versatile and oldest prime mover technologies still in general production used to drive a. In reaction turbines, there are no nozzles as such. Impulse turbines do not require a pressure casement around the rotor since the fluid jet is created by the nozzle prior to reaching the blades on the rotor. This is usually accomplished in one or more nozzles. Reaction turbine the reaction turbine, as the name implies, is turned by reactive force rather than by a direct push or impulse. Condensing turbines advantage provide the greatest horsepower per pound of steam but disadvantage at the cost of wasting the heat of condensation. In steam turbines, costs of spare parts comprises a large part of total maintenance costs. Effect of nozzle angle and silt parameters on erosion and.
Steam boilers, engines, nozzles and turbines set 01. Instream turbines are safe for use in sensitive marine environments and can be placed in near shore tidal environments, ocean inlets and estuaries where there is a moderate tidal flow. Nozzle is the stator part of turbine means it is fixed part. For a turbine to be purely impulse there should be no pressure drop in moving blade ring. Flow nozzles flow solutions for steam in the power industry, including acceptance testing for steam turbines. Purpose this manual can be used for preliminary selection, steam and cooling water planning for steam turbines in basic and detail engineering stages.
Product category items click on the colored text for details. Could you explain how a convergentdivergent nozzle works. They exhaust into a surface condenser operating at a deep vacuum. Assuming that the nozzle efficiency is 100% and initial velocity of steam is 50 ms. Because it is powered by kinetic energy instead of potential energy, it is known as a socalled zerohead or instream turbine. Steam turbines are one of the most versatile and oldest prime mover technologies still in general production used to drive a generator or mechanical machinery. Wind turbines can only extract energy by having a larger downwind flow area than upwind consequence of equal pressure while energy is extracted can use this plus bernoulli to find maximum possible efficiency of wind turbines axisymmetric stream tube. Consider installing highpressure boilers with backpressure. Each jet issues water through a nozzle with a needle valve to control the flow figure 6. Answer key 7 a 50% reaction turbine running at 400 rpm has the exit angle of blades as 20 and the velocity of steam relative to the blade at the exit is 1. The use of two 180 segments rather than the prior art 90 segments also eliminates the need for a dogleg joint between segments for turbines having eight steam inlet segments. Ranging in size from 3 to 50 megawatts, industrial gas turbine generator sets can deliver highly reliable onsite power, with very low emissions. For water, at pressures below atmospheric, a melting point rises slightly and boiling point drops markedly.
The velocity through a nozzle is a function of the pressuredifferential across the nozzle. The coal requirement per kw hour generation in the thermal power plant is of the order of a 0. To maintain, high vacuum in power plant condensers. Describe the most important factors affecting the gas turbine performance 4. Nozzle is a duct of varying crosssectional area in which the velocity increases with the corresponding. In principle the impulse steam turbine consists of a casing containing stationary steam nozzles and a rotor with moving or rotating buckets. Following the companys extensive engineering and manufacturing capabilities, kimi has been offering steam turbine repair services for more than two decades. In an impulse turbine the blades are symmetrical about the plane of the turbine wheel carrying the blades whereas in a reaction turbine they are not. Instream turbines are safe for use in sensitive marine environments and can be placed in near shore. The company undertakes the inspection, basic and advanced repairs of all types of marine, power and industrials steam turbines.
Silt erosion is a serious problem in a number of indian hydropower stations especially located in himalayan regions mann and arya, 2001. What are the effects of friction on the flow through a steam nozzle. The axes of the nozzles are in the plan of the runner. To supply, high velocity jet of steam jet in steam turbines.
Feb 21, 2008 hello, for sometime now ive been into electronics and i have forgotten most of my meager knowledge in thermodynamics. Steam turbinegenerator overhaul and inspection guidelines. Introduction to turbine machinery univerza v ljubljani. After the turbine is opened up, we carry out measurements and ndt inspections and, on the basis of this, we. Definition a steam turbine is a prime mover in which the potential energy of the steam is transformed into kinetic energy and later in. Advantages ability to utilize high pressure and high temperature steam.
Pelton turbines are impulse turbines where one or more jets impinge on a wheel carrying on its periphery a large number of buckets. The steam from the boiler is expanded in a nozzle, resulting in the emission of. Impulse blade applies in curtis and rateau turbines such as the following typical curtis turbine contain 1 row of nozzle for 2 row of impulse blades rateau turbine contain 1 row of nozzle for 1 row of impulse blades, can be 1 pair up to several pair. Flow of steam through nozzles, shapes of nozzles, effect of friction, critical pressure ratio,supersaturated flow. Turbines in ohio, kentucky and indiana lathrop trotter. Flow nozzles flow solutions for steam in the power for. Marine environments instream turbines convert the power of ocean currents to produce electricity. Consider installing highpressure boilers with backpressure turbinegenerators when specifying a new boiler, consider a highpressure boiler with a backpressure steam turbinegenerator placed between the boiler and the steam distribution network. Vanita thakkar bit 51 factors affecting nozzle effeciency nozzle type velocity coefficient roughly cast nozzles 0. Hello, for sometime now ive been into electronics and i have forgotten most of my meager knowledge in thermodynamics. Steam turbines are used for a large marine propulsion b electric power generation c. Each jet issues water through a nozzle with a needle valve to control the.
Use filters to find rigged, animated, lowpoly or free 3d. Three main types of compounded impulse turbines are. The first steam turbine used for power generation was invented in 1884. Steam boilers, engines, nozzles and turbines set 01 mcq steam boilers edit practice test. They are only used for high heads from 60 m to more than 1 000 m. Definition a steam turbine is a prime mover in which the potential energy of the steam is transformed into kinetic energy and later in its turn is transformed into the mechanical energy of rotation of the turbine shaft. Steam nozzles and turbines online practice test set 10. Lp exhaust spray cooling system function and system. Because it is powered by kinetic energy instead of potential.
The moving blades of reaction turbines do have a change in flow area. In 1985, papers were presented at vibration institute meetings on the dynamic analysis and field balancing of 70 mw gas turbinegenerator systems. During the lowload running of a turbinegenerator unit, the volume of steam flowing through the last row of the lp turbine blades is reduced considerably and the smooth aerodynamic flow of steam through these blades is lost. The flow rate and head are given h 1 m q 28,5 m3s p 288 mw 2. Nema sm 23 requires that the forces and moments acting on steam turbines due to the steam inlet, extraction, and exhaust connections should be evaluated by simple set of forcemoment calculation. St01 400 hp westinghouse eh120 rpm 4500 inlet steam 900 psig900f exh 175 psig ccw st03 700 hp elliott 2dyrug rpm 4478 inlet steam 250 psig600f exh 20 psig ccw st06 1100 hp murray kg3 rpm 20008000 inlet steam 150 psig450f exh 0 psig ccw. For water, at pressures below atmospheric, a melting point rises slightly and boiling point drops markedly b melting point rises markedly and boiling point drops markedly c melting point drops slightly and boiling point drops markedly. The condensate supply, before reaching the spray nozzles in each end of the lp turbine cylinder exhaust, normally passes through a manual isolating valve, a pressure reducing valve, a strainer to remove dirt. As a result the dynamic characteristics are totally unlike that encountered with conventional steam turbines. See more ideas about steam turbine, abandoned factory and industrial photography. Today turbinepowered generators produce most of the worlds electrical energy. Both theory and experiment demonstrate that the conditions imposed upon the supersonic flow immediately downstream.
Aug 31, 2014 steam boilers, engines, nozzles and turbines questions and answers pdf 1. The smart hydro power turbine was developed to produce a maximum amount of electrical power with the kinetic energy of flowing waters. They do not therefore change the velocity of the steam but only change its direction. In a study, naidu, 2004 reported that about 22 large hydropower stations in india are facing silting problem. Instead, the blades that project radially from the periphery of the rotor are formed and mounted so that the spaces between the blades have, in cross section, the. Turbines are classified as hydraulic, or water, turbines, steam turbines, or gas turbines.
The impulse turbine rotor efficiency will have a maximum value of 0. See more ideas about steam turbine, gas turbine and turbine engine. Approval issue course 234 turbine ind awliliaries module 14 at lower levels. Steam turbine types steam turbine types based on blade geometry and energy conversion process are. The present report discusses the mode of operation of supersonic nozzles for such turbines, and describes a cascade experiment. To inject feed water into the boiler in steam injectors. Rotor means which part rotate and stator means which part is fixed. Dynamic analysis and field balancing of 100 mw utility gas. A turbinegenerator can often produce enough electricity to justify the capital cost of. Consider installing highpressure boilers with backpressure turbinegenerators when specifying a new boiler, consider a highpressure boiler with a backpressure steam turbinegenerator placed between. The moving blades of impulse turbines do not have a change in flow area. Extraction turbines also called topping turbines takes in steam at one pressure and exhausts it at another lower. Nozzle is a duct of varying crosssectional area in which the velocity increases with the corresponding drop in pressure.
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